“首代說新法”之美國大自然保護(hù)協(xié)會篇

《境外非政府組織境內(nèi)活動管理法》實施已逾8個月，各地“捷報頻傳”。迄今，已有超過200家代表機構(gòu)成功注冊。本期“首代說新法”采訪了美國大自然保護(hù)協(xié)會（TNC）的首代馬晉紅女士，與大家分享TNC在注冊過程中和成功注冊后的經(jīng)驗和思考。

TNC’s Story in China  TNC在中國

What is TNC’s story in China? When and why did TNC come to China?How does its mission in China relate to the general mission of TNC?  

TNC與中國有何淵源？TNC何時以及為什么來到中國？在中國的使命與其整體的使命如何關(guān)聯(lián)？

1

The Nature Conservancy (TNC) is a leading global conservation organization. Founded in 1951, TNC operates in 69 countries with its worldwide office in Arlington, Virginia. TNC has over 1,000,000 members and 3,700 employees, including 600+ scientists. TNC has helped protect more than 1,600 protected areas covering a total of 500,000 square kilometers of land, 8,000 kilometers of river sections, and more than 100 marine ecoregions worldwide.

大自然保護(hù)協(xié)會（TNC）是國際上最大的非營利性的自然環(huán)境保護(hù)組織之一，成立于1951年，總部位于美國弗吉尼亞阿靈頓市，項目遍及72個國家及地區(qū)，擁有100多萬名會員、600余名科學(xué)家及3700多名員工。在全球，TNC管護(hù)著總面積超過50萬平方公里的1600多個自然保護(hù)區(qū)，8000公里長的河流及100多個海洋生態(tài)區(qū)。

2

Since its establishment, TNC has been emphasizing a science-based field conservation approach. We use a non-confrontational, collaborative approach in working closely with governments, the business community and others to carry out conservation constructively while accounting for community livelihoods so that people and nature can live in harmony.

自創(chuàng)立以來，TNC形成了以科學(xué)為基礎(chǔ)的保護(hù)工作方法，秉承 “非對抗”的工作方式，與政府相關(guān)部門、企業(yè)界等機構(gòu)建設(shè)性地開展保護(hù)工作，并充分考慮改善當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的生計，力求人與自然的和諧相處。

3

TNC’s mission is to conserve the lands and waters on which all life depends. As one of the most biodiversity-rich countries on Earth, China is of great significance to the overall mission of TNC. In 1998, TNC was invited by the Chinese government to enter China to carry out conservation work, first implementing conservation projects in northwestern Yunnan in China, one of the global biodiversity hotspots.

TNC致力于在全球保護(hù)具有重要生態(tài)價值的陸地和水域。作為地球上生物多樣性最豐富的國家之一，中國對于TNC的整體使命有著重大的意義。1998年，TNC應(yīng)中國政府的邀請進(jìn)入中國開展保護(hù)工作，首先在全球生物多樣性熱點地區(qū)之一的滇西北實施保護(hù)項目。

What are some of your proudest projects in China? What are some major milestones that TNC has achieved over the years in China?

TNC在中國最引以為豪的項目有哪些？在過去這些年中，TNC在中國取得了哪些里程碑式的成就？

1

After TNC entered China, we mainly carried out protection work in Yunnan in the early years. TNC worked with the Yunnan Provincial Government to develop the Conservation and Development Action Plan for Northwest Yunnan and explored a strategy to balance nature conservation and community development. TNC worked with local government agencies to develop a national park model, piloted on the ground in: Pudacuo, Shangri-la county; Meili Snow Mountain, Deqin county; and Laojun Mountain in Lijiang prefecture.

TNC進(jìn)入中國后，早期主要在云南開展保護(hù)工作，與云南省政府共同編制了《滇西北保護(hù)與發(fā)展行動計劃》，探索出一條平衡自然保護(hù)與社區(qū)發(fā)展的路徑，TNC與地方政府合作探索國家公園模式，并在香格里拉普達(dá)措、梅里雪山和麗江老君山開展實踐，推動成立中國第一批國家公園。

2

After nearly two decades of exploration in China, TNC has achieved remarkable results in areas such as lands, freshwater, climate change, oceans and cities.

經(jīng)過在中國近二十年的探索，TNC在保護(hù)土地、淡水、氣候變化、海洋和城市等多個領(lǐng)域取得了卓越成效：

保護(hù)地

Lands

In 2010, TNC cooperated with the Ministry of Environmental Protection to carry out the China Biodiversity Conservation Blueprint Project to identify 32 China's terrestrial biodiversity conservation prioritized areas, which were incorporated into the China National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (2011-2030). In 2011, with the support of the Sichuan provincial government, TNC worked with partners to create China’s first non-governmental land trust reserve in Old Creek, Pingwu County, Sichuan, one of the giant pandas’ critical habitats and incubated a local NGO -- Old Creek Nature Conservation Center to be in charge of the daily management of this reserve. After the model was endorsed by the State Forestry Administration and the local government, it has been promoted in wider areas of Bayuelin of Leshan, Sichuan and Xihaicao of Heqing, Yunnan and other places. We will introduce and replicate this model to more areas in the future.

2010年，TNC與環(huán)保部合作開展中國生物多樣性保護(hù)遠(yuǎn)景規(guī)劃項目，識別出中國32個陸地生物多樣性保護(hù)優(yōu)先區(qū)，該結(jié)果被國務(wù)院納入《中國生物多樣性保護(hù)戰(zhàn)略與行動計劃》（2011-2030年）。2011年，在四川省政府支持下，TNC與合作伙伴在大熊貓的核心棲息地——四川省平武縣老河溝創(chuàng)建了中國第一個民間自然保護(hù)地，并在當(dāng)?shù)胤趸褶k非企業(yè)“老河溝自然保護(hù)中心”作為該保護(hù)區(qū)的日常管理機構(gòu)。該模式獲得國家林業(yè)局以及地方政府認(rèn)可后，已經(jīng)在四川樂山的八月林、云南鶴慶的西草海等地得到了推廣。我們今后將在更多的地區(qū)介紹和推廣這一模式。

氣候變化

Climate Change

In 2007, TNC first successfully developed and implemented a project that secured gold medal class certification by CCBA (Community, Climate & Biodiversity Alliance). Later TNC continued to implement several gold medal-certified projects in Sichuan, Yunnan and Inner Mongolia planting more than 25 million trees on 13,300 hectares. It is expected that those projects will help sequester 3.2 million metric tons of carbon (CO2e).

2007年，成功開發(fā)和實施了全球第一個氣候、社區(qū)、生物多樣性森林碳匯（CCB）金牌項目。隨后，TNC在四川、云南和內(nèi)蒙繼續(xù)實施了多個CCB金牌認(rèn)證造林碳匯項目，共造林20萬畝，種植樹木總數(shù)達(dá)到2500多萬棵。預(yù)計這些項目未來將生成320萬噸的碳匯量（二氧化碳當(dāng)量）。

淡水

Fresh water

In 2011, TNC participated in and supported China Three Gorges Corporation to change the traditional operation mode of the dam. We initiate an e-flows demonstration project for restoring fish resources on the Yangtze. In 2012, TNC entered into a Letter of Intent for the Yangtze-Mississippi Green Partnership on behalf of the U.S. Department of State with Yangtze River Basin Fishery Resources Management Commission – the first NGO-led partnership ever formed under the China-US Green Partnership Framework. Last year, TNC issued the “China Urban Water Blueprint”, which assessed the water quality of the water sources that supply water to 30 cities and towns in the country, and proposed ecosystem conservation based approaches to conservation of China’s urban water sources, including the introduction of the ‘water fund’ concept. Recently, TNC innovatively created China’s first trust-based small water source protection program at the Longwu Reservoir in Yuhang District of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, thereby contributing to water source protection and drinking water safety in China.

2011年，TNC參與并支持三峽總公司改變大壩傳統(tǒng)調(diào)度運行方式，啟動為恢復(fù)長江魚類資源釋放生態(tài)流量的三峽大壩運行管理示范。2012年，TNC代表美國國務(wù)院與長江漁業(yè)資源管理委員會簽署了一份“長江—密西西比河綠色合作伙伴意向書”。這是第一個中美綠色合作伙伴關(guān)系框架內(nèi)由非政府組織主導(dǎo)的合作伙伴關(guān)系。去年，TNC發(fā)布了《中國城市水藍(lán)圖》報告，對中國30個大中型城市水源地的水質(zhì)情況進(jìn)行了分析，并提出以“生態(tài)治水”方法作為保護(hù)中國城市水源地生態(tài)的基本策略，包括將“水基金”的概念引入中國。最近，TNC在浙江余杭龍塢以及淳安千島湖開展“水基金”項目，以機制創(chuàng)新的方式，為中國水源地的保護(hù)和飲水安全貢獻(xiàn)力量。

海洋

Oceans

In 2016, China launched the ocean initiative formally. The ocean initiative’s five-year plan is: to introduce and demonstrate typical coastal habitat restoration techniques and develop restoration toolbox; to promote the establishment of a coastal habitat restoration center, to mobilize social resources to participate in coastal habitat restoration, to promote the use of nature infrastructure as the government’s preferred solution for reducing natural disasters and recovering coastal ecosystem services.

2016年，TNC正式啟動中國的海洋保護(hù)項目，未來5年的目標(biāo)是：通過引進(jìn)、示范具有代表性的海岸棲息地的修復(fù)技術(shù)并開發(fā)工具包，推動建立中國海岸帶生態(tài)修復(fù)中心，動員社會力量參與海岸帶生態(tài)修復(fù)，推動政府將藍(lán)色基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施作為恢復(fù)海岸帶生態(tài)功能及減災(zāi)防災(zāi)的主要手段。

城市

Cities

Launched in 2016, the city initiative will seek to deliver policy recommendations on and demonstrate how world class sponge cities can be developed through our first pilot City of Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, for which an agreement for cooperation has been signed.

2016年，TNC啟動中國城市項目，旨在為在中國創(chuàng)建世界級海綿城市提供政策建議并通過我們在廣東省深圳市實施的第一個試點項目進(jìn)行示范；TNC現(xiàn)已與深圳市政府簽署合作協(xié)議。

3

Through field conservancy work in China for nearly two decades, TNC has successfully transplanted our successful project and management experience in other countries and regions to China, and has accumulated a lot of valuable field experience of protecting China's unique cultural and ecological environment. We have successfully integrated various social resources and summarized a set of ecological environment governance model suitable for China.

通過在中國近二十年的實地保護(hù)工作，TNC已成功將在其他國家和地區(qū)的項目與管理經(jīng)驗移植到了中國，積累了大量在中國特殊的人文和生態(tài)環(huán)境下開展保護(hù)工作的實地經(jīng)驗，并且成功地將各種社會資源整合，總結(jié)出一套適合中國的生態(tài)環(huán)境治理模式。

4

In China, eco-environmental protection is still a relatively new field. China currently has more than 2,700 nature reserves of different types and different levels, but many nature reserves still need to learn from foreign experience and lessons in terms of managing and planning for the protected areas. During our conservational work, many domestic environmental charities, nature reserves and government departments that have cooperated with us have asked whether TNC can provide services to them in terms of internal control system design, protected area planning, project design, personnel training and technical training, etc. Also, companies have asked us whether we can provide consultancy service in designing energy-saving emission reduction schemes and provide other scientific guidance to implement corporate social responsibility programs.

在中國，生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)還是相對而言比較新的一個領(lǐng)域。中國目前有2700多個不同類型、不同級別的自然保護(hù)區(qū)，但很多自然保護(hù)區(qū)在如何管理、規(guī)劃等領(lǐng)域還需要借鑒國外的經(jīng)驗。在保護(hù)工作中，有不少合作過的國內(nèi)環(huán)保慈善機構(gòu)、自然保護(hù)區(qū)或者政府部門都詢問是否可以聘請TNC為其提供制定內(nèi)部管理制度、保護(hù)區(qū)規(guī)劃，提供具體項目設(shè)計、人員培訓(xùn)、技術(shù)培訓(xùn)等；也曾有具有社會責(zé)任心的公司、企業(yè)詢問TNC是否可以為其提供節(jié)能減排環(huán)保方案、提供科學(xué)指導(dǎo)等服務(wù)。

5

We believe that these services are of great value to our cause of environmental protection. If the relevant authorities allow us to charge a reasonable fee to cover the direct and indirect costs in providing such services, we are willing to share our international and domestic experience and scientific knowledge accumulated over the years to partners in China and mutually improve our ability to do good.

這些服務(wù)對中國的環(huán)保事業(yè)有很大價值，如果各有關(guān)機關(guān)允許收取合理的費用以承擔(dān)為此投入的人力和物力成本，TNC也希望把自己在國際國內(nèi)多年積累的經(jīng)驗和科學(xué)知識分享給境內(nèi)的合作伙伴，共同發(fā)展提高。

Pre-ONGO Law 

《境外非政府組織境內(nèi)活動管理法》頒布之前

 What was TNC's legal status before the ONGO Law?  

在《境外非政府組織境內(nèi)活動管理法》頒布之前，TNC的在中國的法律地位是什么樣的？

1

In 1998, when TNC initially entered China, we operated in accordance with the Memorandum of Cooperation with the Yunnan Provincial People's Government on the Proposal on the Project of the National Parks in the Northwest Yunnan River Basin. At that time, we registered TNC Yunnan Office with the State Administration for Industry and Commerce and our scope of operations were to carry out relevant non-profit activities based on the Yunnan government's memorandum.

1998年，TNC最初進(jìn)入中國時依據(jù)的是與云南省人民政府簽訂的《關(guān)于<滇西北大河流域國家公園項目>建議的合作備忘錄》，當(dāng)時在國家工商總局注冊登記了美國大自然保護(hù)云南辦事處，業(yè)務(wù)范圍為依據(jù)與云南政府的備忘錄，開展相關(guān)非營利性活動。

2

In 2010, TNC Yunnan Office submitted its documents for record to Yunnan Provincial Civil Affairs Department according to the Interim Provisions on the Regulation of Overseas Non-Governmental Organizations in Yunnan Province. Thus, our Yunnan Office became a documented ONGO representative office in Yunnan and it carries out biodiversity conservation work under the guidance of Yunnan Forestry Department. In 2017, TNC registered The Nature Conservancy Beijing Representative Office with the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau according to the ONGO Law.

2010年，TNC云南辦事處根據(jù)《云南省規(guī)范境外非政府組織活動暫行規(guī)定》在云南省民政廳備案，成為在滇境外非政府組織代表機構(gòu)，在業(yè)務(wù)指導(dǎo)單位云南省林業(yè)廳的指導(dǎo)下開展生物多樣性保護(hù)工作。2017年，TNC根據(jù)《境外非政府組織境內(nèi)活動管理法》在北京市公安局登記注冊了大自然保護(hù)協(xié)會（美國）北京代表處。

How closely did you follow the development of the ONGO Law? Did you participate in the legislative drafting process?

你們是否曾緊密關(guān)注中國《境外非政府組織境內(nèi)活動管理法》的發(fā)展？你們是否曾就該法向有關(guān)部門提交過立法意見或建議？ 

1

Since May 2015, when the National People's Congress released the draft of the ONGO Law, we have spent a lot of time and energy to study relevant issues and have been actively engaged in discussions and coordination with our headquarters. We have not submitted any legislative suggestions to the authorities.

自從2015年5月全國人大在其網(wǎng)站發(fā)布了法律草案，我們就花費了大量的時間和精力來研究相關(guān)問題，也與總部就此進(jìn)行了積極的討論與協(xié)調(diào)。我們沒有向有關(guān)部門提交過立法建議。

Registration Process 登記代表機構(gòu)過程

 How did you start preparing for your registration? How did you establish contact with relevant departments?  

你們是如何開始準(zhǔn)備登記的？是如何和有關(guān)部門建立聯(lián)系的？

1

After an in-depth study of the ONGO Law, we realized that the biggest challenge for ONGOs to register representative offices in China was to find a suitable PSU and obtain their consent. Therefore, we have been constantly communicating with potential PSUs since the second half of 2016. Ever since 2004, TNC has formally established a partnership with the State Forestry Administration of China. We have had a history of cooperation for more than 10 years and we know each other very well. So the State Forestry Administration agreed to be our PSU quite naturally. We are very grateful to the State Forestry Administration for their support for our work.

在深入研究《境外非政府組織境內(nèi)活動管理法》后，我們意識到，境外非政府組織在中國登記設(shè)立代表機構(gòu)的最大難點在于尋找到合適的業(yè)務(wù)主管單位并取得其同意，因此我們從2016年下半年就開始不斷的與潛在的主管單位溝通。TNC自2004年起就與中國國家林業(yè)局正式建立了合作伙伴關(guān)系，雙方有著十幾年的合作歷史，彼此都比較了解，所以國家林業(yè)局同意擔(dān)任我們的業(yè)務(wù)主管單位。我們十分感激國家林業(yè)局對我們工作的支持。

2

After confirming the PSU, the process of registering the representative office was proceeding smoothly, and our registered area of activities is nationwide. We are quite impressed with the enthusiastic, professional and conscientious assistance from the officers at the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau. We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude on this platform of “Shan Jian” to the State Forestry Administration and the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau for their support and acknowledgement of our work in China.

在確定了業(yè)務(wù)主管單位以后，我們登記設(shè)立代表處的過程進(jìn)行得非常順利。我們在登記過程中也深切地感受到了北京市公安局境外非政府組織管理辦公室各位警官熱心、專業(yè)和盡職的態(tài)度。在這里，我們也想借此機會向國家林業(yè)局和北京市公安局表示衷心的感謝，感謝他們對TNC在中國活動的肯定和支持。

How did you communicate with your headquarters overseas and within your field office? 

你們是如何與海外的總部，以及中國辦公室內(nèi)部的同事溝通的？

1

From the second half of 2016, TNC China Program has been notifying everyone at the monthly meetings of the executives and the quarterly meetings of the staff on the implementing progress of the ONGO Law, the compliance measures that TNC needs to take, as well as the progress of our registration.

從2016年下半年開始，TNC中國項目在高管的月會和全體員工的季會上都會及時向全體人員報告《境外非政府組織境內(nèi)活動管理法》的實施動態(tài)、TNC需要采取的合規(guī)行動以及登記的進(jìn)展情況等。

2

Our headquarters has been following closely about the impact of the promulgation of the ONGO Law on TNC’s activities in China and conducted a lot of discussion and research. In the process of application for registration of our Beijing Representative Office, they have also offered great support, and actively cooperated in providing the required materials.

我們總部也一直很關(guān)心法律出臺后可能對TNC在中國的活動產(chǎn)生的影響，并對此做了大量的討論和研究。在申請登記設(shè)立北京代表處的期間，更是給予了中國項目極大的支持，積極配合提供了申請所需的各種材料。

Looking Forward 展望未來

What role would PSU play in your future work? What kind of help do you expect your PSU to provide for your work in the future? How is the communication with your PSU going? 

設(shè)立代表機構(gòu)以后，業(yè)務(wù)主管部門在你們今后的工作中具體扮演什么角色？在未來開展活動過程中，你們希望他們在哪些方面給予你們指導(dǎo)和幫助？目前你們與業(yè)務(wù)主管部門的溝通進(jìn)展如何？

1

According to the ONGO Law, TNC Beijing Representative Office shall be subject to the dual management of our PSU (the State Forestry Administration) and the registration authority (the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau), especially at the end of each year, we need to submit to our PSU an annual plan for our activities in the following year. We shall also submit the annual plan to the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau following approval by the State Forestry Administration.

根據(jù)中國《境外非政府組織境內(nèi)活動管理法》，TNC北京代表處應(yīng)當(dāng)受業(yè)務(wù)主管單位（國家林業(yè)局）和登記管理機關(guān)（北京市公安局）的雙重管理，特別是每年年底都應(yīng)當(dāng)將下一年擬在中國境內(nèi)開展的所有活動做成年度活動計劃報請國家林業(yè)局批準(zhǔn)，在國家林業(yè)局同意后，再報請北京市公安局備案。

2

We will strictly comply with the requirements of the law. For all activities to be carried out in China by TNC, we will seek approval by the State Forestry Administration and file the record with the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau in advance according to the requirements aforementioned. If due to any special circumstances we need to make adjustments to our plan, we will promptly consult the State Forestry Administration and the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau and carry out the activities only after such adjustments have been approved.

我們將嚴(yán)格遵循法律的要求，對于所有TNC擬在中國境內(nèi)開展的活動都按時提前提交國家林業(yè)局批準(zhǔn)并報北京市公安局備案，以確保他們能夠?qū)ξ覀冊谥袊硟?nèi)的活動進(jìn)行有效的監(jiān)督和管理；如果在特殊情況下確實對活動計劃做小幅度調(diào)整，我們也會及時請示國家林業(yè)局和北京市公安機關(guān)的意見，經(jīng)過兩家主管部門同意后，再行開展。

3

As for matters that are not clearly specified in the ONGO Law, we will also consult the State Forestry Administration and the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau in advance to ensure that our activities in China are in compliance with Chinese legal requirements.

對于《境外非政府組織境內(nèi)活動管理法》中沒有明文規(guī)定的事項，我們也會事先請示國家林業(yè)局和北京市公安局的意見，以確保我們在中國境內(nèi)的活動符合中國法律要求。

Do you face any challenges in your future work? What issue areas do you expect the relevant departments to provide detailed and clear guidance on? 

是否有在哪些方面遇到障礙或者不清楚的地方？你們遇到障礙的原因是什么？你們希望有關(guān)部門今后能夠在哪些領(lǐng)域能夠提供更細(xì)致、清晰的指導(dǎo)？

1

It has only been a short period of time since the ONGOs took effect and we’ve encountered some practical problems. For example, like I mentioned earlier, many Chinese environmental NGOs, nature reserves and governments would like to seek field conservation planning consultancy and scientific guidance from TNC, and even Chinese enterprises would like to hire TNC to prepare emission reduction plans. We are ready to share our experience and expertise and we want to know whether charging reasonable fees for such professional service and consultancy (provided by us within our RO’s registered scope of business) to cover the direct and indirect costs incurred by us would count as “other funds legally acquired in the mainland of China” stipulated in the ONGO law.

《境外非政府組織境內(nèi)活動管理法》生效的時間不長，我們在實踐過程也確實遇到了一些疑惑。譬如說，不少國內(nèi)環(huán)保慈善組織、自然保護(hù)區(qū)管理機構(gòu)以及政府部門希望可以請TNC為其制定保護(hù)區(qū)規(guī)劃、提供科學(xué)指導(dǎo)等，甚至國內(nèi)企業(yè)也希望TNC為其制訂節(jié)能減排的方案。TNC也愿意分享自己的經(jīng)驗和知識，并且我們也希望知道，如果我們在代表處登記注冊的業(yè)務(wù)范圍之內(nèi)就此類專業(yè)服務(wù)收取合理費用以支持我們投入的人力和物力成本，是否屬于《境外非政府組織境內(nèi)活動管理法》中關(guān)于其他合法資金來源的一種。

2

When the representative office conducts various projects, it will accordingly need to sign contracts with various contracting partners. We are not sure in what name the representative office should sign its contracts and how it could issue relevant invoices to its contracting partners.

代表機構(gòu)開展項目，會涉及與不同合作方簽訂協(xié)議。以總部的名義還是代表機構(gòu)的名義簽訂協(xié)議，如何為對方提供相應(yīng)票據(jù)的問題。

What hopes do you have for the future in terms of ONGO Law implementation? Do you have any suggestions for the ONGO Law implementing authorities? 

對未來《境外非政府組織境內(nèi)活動管理法》的實施，你有什么期待？對于實施這一法律的政府部門，你有什么建議？

1

The public benefit sector is an essential part for a society with a sound social security system. It is even more so for China, which is undergoing critical social changes and economic transformation. A healthy and vigorous public benefit sector not only balances efficiency and fairness, promote social stability, nurture civil society, but also has extraordinary significance for the construction of a socialist harmonious society.

公益事業(yè)是一個健全的社會保障體系的必要組成部分。對于正處于關(guān)鍵轉(zhuǎn)型期、社會利益格局正發(fā)生劇烈變化的中國來說更是如此。健康、蓬勃發(fā)展的公益事業(yè)不僅能夠有效兼顧效率與公平、促進(jìn)社會穩(wěn)定、構(gòu)建公民社會，而且對于構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會更是具有非同尋常的意義。

 2

Many ONGOs working in China are renowned internationally. Over the years, they have acquired rich and advanced project and management experience through conducting nonprofit activities around the world. They also value and have enthusiasm for public benefic undertakings in China. Since the implementation of the ONGO Law, the Chinese government has expressed an open and welcome attitude towards ONGOs' activities in China. We have heard that as of now more than 200 ONGOs have successfully registered their representative offices at different levels of public security departments. It is foreseeable that in the near future, there will be more ONGOs obtaining legal status in China.

很多在華活動的境外非政府組織在國際上都享譽盛名，多年來通過在世界各地的公益活動積累了大量先進(jìn)、豐富的項目和管理經(jīng)驗，對中國公益事業(yè)的發(fā)展也是高度重視。《境外非政府組織境內(nèi)活動管理法》實施以來，中國政府也對境外非政府組織來華活動展示了開明、歡迎的態(tài)度。據(jù)悉，截至目前已陸續(xù)有200多家境外非政府組織在各級公安部門順利登記設(shè)立了代表機構(gòu)?？梢灶A(yù)見在未來，會有更多的境外非政府組織在中國獲得合法身份。

3

Certainly, registering representative offices according to the law is only a premise for conducting nonprofit activities in China in the long term. After registration, how the representative offices of ONGO shall carry out activities in accordance with the law and how relevant government departments oversee and supervise such activities of ONGOs will directly determine the effects of the implementation of the ONGO Law and whether ONGOs can healthily survive in China and contribute to the development China’s public benefit undertakings.

合法登記設(shè)立代表機構(gòu)只是境外非政府組織在中國境內(nèi)長期開展活動的前提，有了合法身份后，境外非政府組織代表處應(yīng)如何按照法律規(guī)定開展活動、有關(guān)部門將如何對此進(jìn)行管理亦是《境外非政府組織境內(nèi)活動管理法》貫徹落實的后續(xù)問題，更將直接決定境外非政府組織能否在中國健康生存并為中國公益事業(yè)的發(fā)展壯大貢獻(xiàn)力量。

4

If these registered ONGOs can survive and develop in China, not only will China's public benefit undertakings be greatly promoted, but also the increase and development of domestic charitable organizations will be greatly enhanced. It is important to know that due to the human resources and legal status limitations, most ONGOs tend to cooperate with domestic charitable organizations in the implementation of many specific projects in China. Such cooperation is a very valuable opportunity for both sides to learn from each other. In the past two decades of environment protection work, TNC has nurtured and incubated many domestic charitable organizations.

如果這些已經(jīng)登記的境外非政府組織的代表機構(gòu)能夠在中國生存并發(fā)展下去的，不僅將對中國的公益事業(yè)有極大的推動作用，而且對中國境內(nèi)的慈善組織的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展壯大也將是極大的助力。由于人力、身份等因素，大多境外非政府組織代表處在中國很多具體項目的執(zhí)行上勢必需要與境內(nèi)的慈善組織開展合作。這樣的合作對雙方而言都是非常寶貴的學(xué)習(xí)和借鑒的機會。TNC在過去二十年的保護(hù)工作中，就培育、孵化了不少境內(nèi)公益組織。

5

Therefore, we hope that legislative and administrative authorities can answer the questions we raised above soon and make clear the activities that ONGOs are allowed to carry out so that we can conduct activities in China strictly according to the provisions of Chinese law and make our contributions to the development of the public benefit sector of China.

因此，我們希望法律和監(jiān)管部門能夠早日對我們提到的幾點疑惑作出解答，明確境外非政府組織代表處可以在中國境內(nèi)進(jìn)行的活動，以便我們能夠嚴(yán)格按照中國法律的規(guī)定，在中國開展公益活動，為中國公益事業(yè)的發(fā)展壯大貢獻(xiàn)出一份力量。

What did you learn during this process? What are some suggestions and tips you will have for the ONGO community? How do you think TNC’s experience can benefit other ONGOs? 

在TNC在中國的注冊過程中，你收獲到了什么? 你對其他的境外非政府組織有什么建議或提示嗎？你認(rèn)為TNC的經(jīng)驗會給其他的境外非政府組織帶來怎樣的益處？

1

As an overseas NGO, we are obligated to comply with laws and regulations in any county where we conduct activities. The Overseas ONGO Law has only been effective for a short period of time while China’s Charity Law and its charitable sector are still in a key stage of reform and development. Therefore, it is understandable that we encounter some confusion and questions after registering our representative office. 

作為境外非政府組織，在任何一個國家活動都必須遵守所在國的法律規(guī)定?！毒惩夥钦M織境內(nèi)活動管理法》生效的時間還不長，中國的慈善法和慈善行業(yè)也正處于探索和蓬勃發(fā)展的重要時期，境外非政府組織在中國成功登記設(shè)立代表處后，在未來相當(dāng)長的一段時間內(nèi)肯定會遇到不少疑惑和困難。

2

It is an inevitable process. For the confusion and questions that may occur, we think ONGOs should communicate with their PSUs and the public security departments in a timely and active manner, ask for their advice on the specific situation and adjust their activities accordingly. As for those activities that relevant authorities cannot give certain directions on for the time being, ONGOs shall refrain from doing them and wait patiently for further notice from the relevant authorities.

這是一個不可避免的過程。對于遇到的困難和疑惑，我們認(rèn)為境外非政府組織代表處應(yīng)當(dāng)及時、積極地與業(yè)務(wù)主管單位和公安部門溝通、請示，并根據(jù)主管單位的意見開展、調(diào)整自己的活動；對于暫時確實無法得到明確指示的活動，應(yīng)當(dāng)不予開展，耐心等待有關(guān)機關(guān)的進(jìn)一步通知。

3

According to our experience, our PSU as well as the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau are both very helpful and active in answering our inquiries, and whenever they can, are always willing to offer us their guidance and help us solve our difficulties. We believe that with the joint efforts, ONGOs can legally and robustly thrive under the Chinese law and make sustained contribution to the development of China's public benefit undertakings together with their Chinese counterparts.

根據(jù)我們的經(jīng)驗，不論是我們的業(yè)務(wù)主管單位還是北京市公安局，在接待我們的咨詢時都非常地?zé)嵝摹⒅鲃?，對于能夠回答的問題、能夠幫助協(xié)調(diào)的困難都會及時地給予指導(dǎo)和幫助。相信在大家的共同努力下，境外非政府組織代表處可以在中國法律下合法、茁壯地成長，與中國的慈善機構(gòu)一起為中國公益事業(yè)地發(fā)展持續(xù)做出貢獻(xiàn)。

About the Chief Representative Joyce Ma

首席代表馬晉紅女士 

Joyce Ma is the Chief Representative of the Nature Conservancy Beijing Representative Office, overseeing all operations and management of TNC in China.

馬晉紅女士是大自然保護(hù)協(xié)會北京代表處的首席代表，全面負(fù)責(zé)大自然保護(hù)協(xié)會在中國的運營和管理工作。

Prior to joining TNC, Ms. Ma worked as the Executive Vice President of Ericsson Northeast Asia and General Manager of China Unicom Business Unit, Human Resources Director of Ericsson Greater China, and President of Ericsson China Academy. She has acquired rich work and management experience.

在加入大自然保護(hù)協(xié)會之前，馬晉紅女士曾任愛立信東北亞區(qū)執(zhí)行副總裁兼中國聯(lián)通事業(yè)部總經(jīng)理、愛立信大中華區(qū)的人力資源總監(jiān)、愛立信中國學(xué)院院長等職務(wù)。積累了豐富的工作及管理經(jīng)驗。

After joining the Nature Conservancy, Ms. Ma introduced TNC’s experience of more than 60 years in protecting lands, fresh water, climate change, oceans and cities to China, and implemented projects in an innovative way to promote China's sustainable development process.

加入大自然保護(hù)協(xié)會以后，馬晉紅女士把大自然保護(hù)協(xié)會積累了60多年的在保護(hù)土地、淡水、氣候變化、海洋及城市方面的經(jīng)驗引入到中國，并用創(chuàng)新的思維來實踐，推動中國可持續(xù)發(fā)展進(jìn)程。

She will lead a team of nearly 70 people to promote TNC’s projects in Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan, Shanghai, Zhejiang project in larger arears and spread TNC’s environment protection work to other provinces in China.

她將領(lǐng)導(dǎo)近70人的團隊把大自然保護(hù)協(xié)會在云南、內(nèi)蒙古、四川、上海、浙江的項目發(fā)揚光大，未來把保護(hù)足跡擴大到中國其他省區(qū)。